Which part of the plant increases root surface area to improve nutrient absorption?

The root hairs are specialized structures that extend from the main roots of a plant, significantly increasing the root surface area. This enhanced surface area allows for greater contact with the soil and maximizes the plant's ability to absorb water and essential nutrients. Each root hair operates like a tiny straw, effectively taking in nutrients dissolved in water from the soil.

Moreover, root hairs increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake, especially in nutrient-poor soils. The presence of these hairs is critical for plant health, as they support the overall growth and development by ensuring the plant has the resources it needs for photosynthesis and metabolic functions. The other parts of the plant, such as nodes, foliage, and stems, serve different functions related to growth, reproduction, and photosynthesis but do not play a direct role in nutrient absorption from the soil.