What is mulching primarily used for in horticulture?

Mulching is primarily used in horticulture to retain soil moisture and suppress weed growth. By covering the soil with a layer of organic or inorganic material, mulch helps to minimize evaporation of water from the soil surface, thereby maintaining moisture levels, which is particularly beneficial during dry spells. This moisture retention is crucial for plant health, as it supports optimal growth and development.

Additionally, mulching creates a barrier that inhibits the germination of weed seeds. Weeds compete with cultivated plants for nutrients, water, and light, and by suppressing their growth, mulch allows desired plants to thrive without the added competition. This dual purpose of moisture retention and weed suppression makes mulching an essential practice in maintaining healthy garden and landscape environments.

Other options provided focus on different aspects of soil management. Enhancing soil fertility involves the addition of nutrients, which is not the primary function of mulch; improving drainage typically refers to soil structure and the physical characteristics of the soil rather than surface cover; while preventing erosion is indeed a benefit of mulching, it is not the primary reason that gardeners and horticulturists apply mulch.