What effect does the removal of the terminal bud have on lateral buds?

The removal of the terminal bud significantly influences the growth behavior of the plant by encouraging the development of lateral buds. The terminal bud is responsible for apical dominance, a phenomenon wherein the growth of lateral buds is suppressed while the terminal bud grows. When the terminal bud is removed, this dominance is eliminated, allowing lateral buds to develop and grow more freely. This process enables the plant to become bushier and can improve its overall vigor, as the energy that would have been directed towards the terminal bud can now support the lateral growth. This is a common practice in horticulture to promote fuller growth in plants.

In contrast, options that suggest effects such as preventing new growth or having no impact incorrectly overlook the fundamental principles of plant growth regarding bud development. Therefore, encouraging lateral bud formation is the primary consequence of removing the terminal bud.