What does the term "hardscaping" refer to?

The term "hardscaping" specifically refers to the non-plant elements within a landscape design. This includes various features such as stones, bricks, concrete, patios, walkways, walls, and other structures that are used to enhance the functionality and aesthetic appeal of outdoor spaces. While softscaping involves the planting of flowers, trees, and shrubs, hardscaping provides the foundational layout and structure necessary for these plants to thrive in a well-designed garden. The integration of hardscape elements can help improve drainage, create focal points, and establish pathways that guide movement through the landscape. Understanding this distinction is crucial for effective landscaping and garden design practices.