Examples of modified stems in herbaceous perennials include:

Modified stems in herbaceous perennials serve specific functions that allow these plants to survive and thrive in their environments. Rhizomes, tubers, and corms are all examples of these adaptations.

Rhizomes are underground horizontal stems that grow laterally and can produce new shoots and roots from their nodes, allowing the plant to spread and propagate. Tubers, like potatoes, are swollen portions of the stem that store starch and carbohydrates, providing an energy reserve for the plant. Corms, which are similar in function to tubers, are swollen, fleshy stems that grow underground and can produce new shoots and roots, helping the plant survive adverse conditions.

This knowledge is crucial in horticulture because understanding these types of modifications can help in selecting the right plants for specific garden conditions, as well as in understanding their growth habits and propagation methods. The other options listed involve plant structures that do not fall under the category of modified stems, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the unique characteristics that define these adaptations in herbaceous perennials.